ABSTRACT
Objective To investigate pregnancy outcomes and neurodevelopment in fetuses with ventriculomegaly. Methods This was a cohort study of 173 gravidas with singleton pregnancy who were diagnosed with fetal ventriculomegaly by ultrasound in Prenatal Diagnostic Center of Nanfang Hospital Affiliated to Southern Medical University from March 2010 to July 2016. Thirty normal gravidas who received antenatal care in the same hospital and at the same period were selected as control. Clinical data were collected. Gravidas who had chosen to continue their pregnancy were followed up to monitor the variations of fetal ventricular. Fetal mild and moderate ventriculomegaly were respectively defined as a ventricular atrial width of 10-12 mm and >12 mm but <15 mm. Isolated ventriculomegaly (IVM) indicated those without any other ultrasound abnormalities, otherwise the case would be defined as non-isolated ventriculomegaly (NIVM). Among the 173 gravidas, 54 cases were mild IVM, 53 mild NIVM, 26 moderate IVM and 40 moderate NIVM. Fetuses with chromosome abnormalities were excluded from the study. Neonatal behavioral neurological assessment (NBNA) was used to analyze the neonatal neurodevelopment at the age of 7 days, and Bayley scales of infant development was used to evaluate the development of nervous system at the age of 6 months through analyzing their mental development index (MDI) and psychomotor development index (PDI). Statistical methods included t test, χ2 test (or Fisher's exact test), nonparametric test, Mann-Whitney test and multiple Kruskal-Wallis H test. Results (1) Among the 107 fetuses with mild ventriculomegaly, 72.9％ (78), 23.4％ (25) and 3.7％ (4) of them regressed, stabilized and progressed,respectively; however, among the 66 moderate cases, the figures were 45.4％ (30), 37.9％ (25) and 16.7％ (11) respectively (χ2=15.769, P<0.001). For those in the IVM and NIVM subgroups within the moderate ventriculomegaly group, significant difference was shown [17(65.4％), 8(30.8％) and 1(3.8％) vs 13(32.5％), 17(42.5％) and 10(25.0％), χ2=8.552, P=0.014], but not within the mild groups (χ2=2.412, P=0.299). (2) There were 164 gravidas who continued their pregnancy and delivered. Significant differences in NBNA score were observed between the ventriculomegaly group and the control (37.70±1.80 vs 38.53±1.38, t= - 2.424, P<0.05). Numbers of neonates with NBNA score < 36 and ≥ 36 points were 5(4.7％) and 101(95.3％) in the mild group, and 8(13.8％) and 50(86.2％) in the moderate group (χ2=4.231, P=0.004). There was significant difference in NBNA score between the IVM and NIVM subgroup within neither mild nor moderate group (χ2 were 0.210 and 0.201, P were 1.000 and 0.720). (3) Totally, 137 cases completed the assessment of nervous system development at the age of 6 months. There was significant difference in PDI score between the ventriculomegaly group and the control (90.50±10.85 vs 95.80±9.65, t= - 2.471, P=0.014), but not in MDI score (95.42+11.20 vs 99.50+12.00, t= - 1.786, P=0.076). (4) The comparison of the proportion of excellent, average and poor PDI scores: Significant differences were found between the IVM and NIVM subgroup within the moderate ventriculamegaly group and in the different intrauterine outcome groups [IVM vs NIVM groups: 3(15.0％), 16(80.0％) and 1(5.0％) vs 1(3.1％), 24(75.0％) and 7(21.9％),Z= - 2.097, P=0.036;intrauterine regression, stable and progress group: 9(10.6％), 75(88.2％) and 1(1.2％);3(6.5％), 37(80.4％) and 6(13.1％) vs 0, 2(2/6) and 4(4/6), χ2=19.808, P<0.001], but not between the mild and moderate vetriculamegaly group, or between the subgroups within the mild ones (Z were - 1.869 and - 1.946, P were 0.062 and 0.052). (5) The comparison of the proportion of excellent, average and poor scores of MDI: Significant difference was only found among the different intrauterine outcome groups[13(15.3％), 71(83.5％), 1(1.2％); 2(4.4％), 41(89.1％), 3(6.5％) vs 0, 5(5/6), 1(1/6); χ2=7.980, P=0.018], but not in any other comparisons (all P>0.05). Conclusions Prognosis of fetal ventriculomegaly is affected by co-existed abnormalities and intrauterine progression. Fetus with mild ventriculomegaly can also have risk of abnormal neural development, suggesting that we should pay much attention to such cases and a regular follow-up is required.
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Objective To evaluate the clinical outcome of fetus diagnosed as mild and moderate isolated ventriculomegaly(IVM)and its correlation with imaging follow-up. Methods Totally,161 cases of single pregnancy whose fetus was diagnosed as mild or moderate IVM by ultrasound were administrated. Data of prenatal ultrasound examination, pregnancy outcomes, and the postnatal MRI results were collected. New borns' growth and development, language expression, movement coordination, auditory and visual function were followed up to evaluate the neurodevelopment. Results (1)Before birth:80.1%(129/161) of IVM disappeared before the delivery, 16.1%(26/161)remained stable, and 3.7%(6/161)continued to deteriorate.(2)Postnatal MRI: 8 cases(9.6%, 8/83)were diagnosed IVM, of which 3 cases were found additional abnormalities(1 case was the corpus callosum dysplasia and 2 cases were leukodystrophy). The additional abnormal detection rate was 3/8.(3)Postnatal assessments: There were 7 cases(8.9%, 7/79) neunatal behavioral neurological assessment (NBNA), 6 cases (7.6%, 6/79) Bayley scales of infant development (BSID)-psychomotor developmental index(PDI) and 3 cases (3.8%, 3/79) BSID-mental development index(MDI) whose scores were low. There was no significant difference of the NBNA and BSID scores between mild and moderate IVM (NBNA: x2=2.042,P=0.210; BSID-PDI: x2=-1.359,P=0.174; BSID-MDI: x2=-1.205,P=0.228). Follow-up of 9 cases(11.4%, 9/79)with low BSID score, 6 of them were found to be stable in the medial ventricle of the uterus, and the size of the lateral ventricle was normal after birth by ultrasound and MRI. Conclusions The majority of IVM fetuses have good prognosis, but there is also a risk of neurodevelopmental dysplasia. The postnatal follow-up should be paid attention to, and MRI should be performed as the postnatal imaging evaluation.
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Objective To analysis the common abnormalities in fetus with ventriculomegaly and clinical significance. Methods Collected from March 2010 to December 2016,298 cases of pregnant women whose fetus with ventriculomegaly and accepted the prenatal diagnosis of pregnancy,including 109 cases of isolated cerebral ventriculomegaly(IVM),and 189 cases of non-isolated cerebral ventriculomegaly(NIVM).They were divided into mild groups(10.0-11.9 mm),moderate group(12.0-14.9 mm)and severe group(≥15.0 mm)according to the width of the lateral ventricle. Results(1)The most common abnormality of the NIVM were neurodevelopmental system(37.30%,94/252);The second was ultrasonic soft index(27.78%,70/252).(2)The most frequent combi-nation in mild group was ultrasonographic soft mark anomalies(44.76%,47/105),followed by other ultrasonic indi-cators(18.10%,19/105).The abnormal incidence of central nervous system was higher in middle group(45.16%, 42/93),followed by ultrasonic soft index abnormality(21.51%,20/93).The abnormality of the central nervous sys-tem was 62.96%(34/54)in severe group,followed by an abnormal(14.81%,8/54).(3)There was a difference in the nervous system and the ultrasonic-soft indicator between the non-isolated lateral ventricle dilation with different lateral ventricle widths(P<0.001).There was no difference in cardiovascular abnormalities. Conclusion Prena-tal ultrasound revealed that fetus with cerebral ventriculomegaly should carefully examine whether other abnormali-ties existed to determine the prognosis of the fetus and whether intervention should be taken.There was a difference between the different types of lateral ventricle and the prognosis.
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Objective To investigate the clinical value of neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) in postmenopausal patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Methods A total of 128 newly diagnosed T2DM female patients were randomly recruited from the Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University from March to September 2015. According to the physiological state, the patients were divided into menopausal group (n=66) and non-menopausal group (n=62). Fifty-six healthy females were chosen as the control group. The values of blood pressure, blood lipid, fasting plasma glucose (FPG), fasting insulin (FINS) and white blood count (WBC), neutrophil count, percentage of neutrophils,lymphocytes count, and percentage of lymphocytes were detected and compared between three groups. The NLR and the HOMA insulin resistance index (HOMA-IR) were calculated. Results Age, systolic blood pressure (SBP), triglyceride (TG), FINS, percentage of neutrophil, NLR, HOMA-IR were significantly higher in menopause group than those of control group and non-menopause group (P0.05). There was no linear correlation between NLR and HOMA-IR (rs=0.015, P > 0.05), HbA1c (r=0.030, P > 0.05). Conclusion NLR is of a certain significance in the assessment of inflammatory status and IR levels in postmenopausal women with T2DM, which may be related to the changes of autonomic nervous system.
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Objective To research the relationship between Serum uric acid (SUA) levels and the Neu-trophil-to-lymphocyte Ratio (NLR) of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) patients. Method 273 newly diag-nosed T2DM patients are selected in accordance with the WHO diagnostic criteria: Male subjects with SUA lev-els ≥ 416 μmol/L(70 mg/L), and female subjects with SUA levels ≥ 357 μmol/L (60 mg/L) are sorted into the high SUA (HUA) group (224 subjects), and the rest into the normal SUA (NUA) group (49 subjects). 100 subjects were selected as a control group. One-Way analysis of variance was applied to the data of the three groups; Pearson correlation analysis was used to calculate the correlation of SUA levels , NLR and IR; risk fac-tors influencing SUA levels were analyzed with Logistic regression analysis; ROC curve analysis was used to de-termine the diagnostic value of NLR to HUA, and the optimal threshold value of NLR. Result (1) The NLR and IR of the HUA group was significantly higher than those of the NUA group (2.54 ± 0.63 vs. 2.05 ± 0.61, P < 0.001; 3.70 ± 1.86 vs. 2.71 ± 1.43, P < 0.001); (2) In the HUA group, UA was positively correlated with NLR and IR (respectively r = 0.480, P < 0.001; r = 0.332, P < 0.001). (3)NLR (P < 0.001, EXP(B)= 8.045, 95%CI = 4.597 ~ 14.079) was a risk factor of Hyperuricemia. Conclusion Our results suggest that NLR may be an independent risk factor of Hyperuricemia.